Fixed Orthodontics
Fixed orthodontics involves braces that are attached to the teeth and cannot be removed by the patient. These braces use brackets and wires to gradually shift teeth into their correct position over time. They are highly effective for treating crowding, spacing, misalignment, and bite issues. Fixed braces are suitable for both children and adults and provide precise control over tooth movement. Regular adjustments by an orthodontist ensure optimal results, leading to a permanent, well-aligned smile.
Invisible Orthodontics
Invisible orthodontics refers to modern, discreet treatments such as clear aligners like Invisalign. These transparent, custom-made trays gradually shift teeth into alignment without the need for brackets or wires. They are removable, making them convenient for eating and cleaning. Invisible orthodontics is popular among adults and teenagers who want an unnoticeable alternative to traditional braces. Though effective, treatment success depends on wearing the aligners for at least 20–22 hours per day.
Removable Orthodontics
Removable orthodontics consists of appliances that patients can take out and put back in as needed. These include aligners, retainers, and functional appliances used to guide jaw development or make minor tooth corrections. They offer more flexibility than fixed braces but require patient compliance for successful results. Removable braces are often used in early orthodontic treatments, post-braces maintenance, or for mild alignment issues that do not require extensive intervention.
Orthodontics for Adults
Orthodontics for adults has grown significantly with advances in clear aligners, ceramic braces, and lingual braces. Many adults seek orthodontic treatment to correct crooked teeth, spacing, or bite problems for both aesthetic and functional reasons. Adult treatment may take longer than in children due to denser bone structure, but it is still highly effective. Modern techniques make adult orthodontics discreet, comfortable, and convenient, improving both oral health and self-confidence.
Orthodontics for Children
Orthodontics for children, also known as paediatric orthodontics, helps guide proper jaw development and tooth alignment from an early age. Early intervention, often starting around age 7, can prevent more severe issues later. Treatments include braces, space maintainers, and functional appliances. Addressing misalignment early can reduce the need for extractions or invasive treatments in adulthood and ensure a healthy, properly aligned bite as the child grows.
Lingual Orthodontics
Lingual orthodontics involves braces that are attached to the back (lingual side) of the teeth, making them completely invisible from the outside. This is a preferred choice for adults and professionals seeking a discreet alternative to traditional braces. Lingual braces offer the same effectiveness as fixed metal braces but require a specialised orthodontist for placement. Though they may take time to get used to, they provide excellent aesthetic and functional results.
Aesthetic Orthodontics
Aesthetic orthodontics focuses on providing treatments that align teeth while maintaining a natural and discreet appearance. Options include ceramic braces, clear aligners, and lingual braces, all of which are designed to blend seamlessly with the teeth. These treatments are ideal for patients who are concerned about the visibility of braces but still need effective orthodontic care. Aesthetic braces provide the same functionality as traditional braces but are more visually appealing.
Metal Braces
Metal braces are the most traditional and widely used form of orthodontic treatment. They consist of stainless steel brackets and wires, which apply pressure to move teeth into their correct position. Although they are highly effective for severe misalignments, they are more noticeable than other options. Modern metal braces are smaller, lighter, and more comfortable than earlier versions, making them a reliable and cost-effective solution for all ages.
Ceramic Braces
Ceramic braces function similarly to metal braces but use tooth-coloured or clear brackets, making them less visible. They are a popular choice for teenagers and adults who want an effective treatment without the noticeable appearance of metal braces. While ceramic brackets are more aesthetically pleasing, they can be slightly more fragile than metal ones. Regular cleaning is required to prevent staining, ensuring the brackets remain discreet throughout treatment.
Self-Ligating Braces
Self-ligating braces use specialised brackets with built-in clips to hold the archwire in place, eliminating the need for traditional elastic bands. This reduces friction, discomfort, and the need for frequent adjustments. These braces can be metal or ceramic and often provide faster treatment times compared to traditional braces. They are a great option for patients looking for less maintenance and more efficient tooth movement.
Clear Aligners
Clear aligners are a modern alternative to traditional braces, using transparent, removable trays to straighten teeth. Each set of aligners is custom-made and gradually shifts teeth over time. They are nearly invisible, making them popular among adults and teens. While convenient for eating and cleaning, aligners must be worn at least 22 hours per day for optimal results. They are best suited for mild to moderate orthodontic issues.
Interceptive Orthodontics
Interceptive orthodontics refers to early treatments designed to correct developing dental problems before they worsen. This approach is often used in children as young as 6 or 7 years old to guide proper jaw growth and prevent misalignment. Common interceptive treatments include expanders, space maintainers, and partial braces. Addressing issues early can reduce treatment time and prevent the need for extractions later in life.
Orthodontic Retainers
Orthodontic retainers are custom-made devices worn after braces or aligners to maintain tooth position. They can be removable or fixed (bonded to the back of the teeth). Retainers are essential for preventing teeth from shifting back to their original position. Patients typically wear them full-time for the first few months, then switch to nighttime wear to ensure long-term results. Proper care extends the lifespan and effectiveness of the retainer.
Palatal Expander
A palatal expander is a device used to widen the upper jaw, creating more space for crowded teeth. It is most commonly used in children and adolescents while the jaw is still developing. The expander is gradually adjusted over time, helping correct crossbites and narrow arches. This early intervention can eliminate the need for extractions or surgery in the future, improving overall jaw and facial symmetry.
Orthodontic Elastics
Orthodontic elastics are small rubber bands used with braces or aligners to apply additional pressure and correct bite alignment issues such as overbite, underbite, or crossbite. They are attached between upper and lower teeth to guide the jaws into the correct position. Wearing elastics consistently is crucial for successful treatment outcomes. They may cause temporary discomfort, but this indicates that they are effectively moving the teeth.
Bite Correction
Bite correction is a key aspect of orthodontics, focusing on aligning the upper and lower teeth to ensure proper function and aesthetics. Common bite issues include overbite, underbite, crossbite, and open bite. Treatment may involve braces, clear aligners, orthodontic elastics, or jaw surgery, depending on severity. Proper bite alignment improves chewing, speech, and jaw health, reducing the risk of TMJ disorders and excessive tooth wear.
Orthodontic Spacers
Orthodontic spacers, also called separators, are small rubber or metal rings placed between teeth to create space for braces or bands. They are commonly used before placing metal braces to allow brackets or bands to fit properly. Spacers may cause slight discomfort as they apply pressure to separate the teeth. They are typically worn for a few days to a week, depending on the patient’s treatment plan.
Functional Appliances
Functional appliances are removable or fixed orthodontic devices that help correct jaw alignment and bite issues, especially in growing children. These appliances influence jaw growth and muscle function to achieve a more balanced bite. Common types include Twin Block appliances, Herbst appliances, and Bionators. Functional appliances are particularly effective for overbite and underbite correction and can reduce the need for orthognathic surgery later in life.
Retention Phase
The retention phase is the final stage of orthodontic treatment, where patients wear retainers to maintain their newly aligned teeth. Retainers prevent teeth from shifting back to their original position and ensure long-term stability. This phase lasts several months to years, depending on individual needs. There are removable (clear or Hawley retainers) and fixed retainers (bonded to the teeth). Consistent retainer use is crucial for preserving orthodontic results.
Orthodontic Treatment Plan
An orthodontic treatment plan is a customized roadmap developed by an orthodontist to address specific dental and jaw alignment issues. It includes the type of braces or appliances, treatment duration, and expected outcomes. The plan is based on X-rays, dental impressions, and bite analysis. A well-structured treatment plan ensures efficient and predictable results, improving both functionality and aesthetics of the patient’s smile.
Jaw Alignment
Jaw alignment refers to the proper positioning of the upper and lower jaws in relation to each other. Misalignment can cause bite problems, jaw pain, TMJ disorders, and uneven tooth wear. Orthodontic treatments, such as braces, aligners, or functional appliances, help correct jaw alignment. In severe cases, orthognathic surgery may be required. Proper alignment improves oral function, facial symmetry, and overall dental health.
Orthodontic Consultation
An orthodontic consultation is the first step in orthodontic treatment. During this visit, the orthodontist examines teeth, jaw alignment, and bite, taking X-rays or digital scans to assess the patient’s needs. Treatment options, costs, and estimated timelines are discussed. This consultation helps patients understand their treatment journey and expected results, ensuring they make an informed decision about orthodontic care.
Braces Tightening
Braces tightening is a routine adjustment performed during orthodontic treatment. During these visits, the orthodontist adjusts the wires to apply continuous pressure, gradually moving the teeth into their correct position. Tightening appointments typically occur every 4 to 6 weeks and may cause temporary discomfort. Regular adjustments are essential for achieving the desired alignment and ensuring efficient treatment progress.
Orthodontic Wax
Orthodontic wax is a soft, protective material applied to braces to reduce irritation and discomfort caused by brackets or wires. It is especially helpful during the initial weeks of treatment or after adjustments. The wax creates a smooth barrier, preventing sores inside the cheeks and lips. Patients can apply it as needed and should replace it regularly to maintain comfort and hygiene.
Crossbite
A crossbite occurs when some upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth instead of outside. It can affect a single tooth or multiple teeth and may cause jaw pain, uneven tooth wear, or asymmetry. Orthodontic treatments like braces, clear aligners, or palatal expanders can correct crossbites, ensuring proper bite function. Early treatment is recommended to prevent long-term dental complications.
Overbite
An overbite occurs when the upper front teeth excessively overlap the lower front teeth. While a slight overbite is normal, a severe one can cause speech issues, gum irritation, and uneven tooth wear. Orthodontic solutions include braces, aligners, elastics, or bite-correcting appliances. Treating an overbite improves oral function, facial aesthetics, and prevents jaw strain.
Underbite
An underbite occurs when the lower teeth extend beyond the upper teeth, creating a misaligned bite. This condition can lead to chewing difficulties, speech issues, and jaw discomfort. Early intervention with braces, aligners, or functional appliances can help correct an underbite. In severe cases, jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) may be necessary. Treating an underbite improves facial harmony, dental function, and long-term oral health.
Open Bite
An open bite occurs when the upper and lower front teeth do not touch when the mouth is closed, creating a visible gap. It is often caused by thumb-sucking, tongue thrusting, or genetic factors. An open bite can affect chewing, speech, and facial aesthetics. Treatments include braces, clear aligners, or habit-correcting appliances. Severe cases may require orthognathic surgery to achieve full closure and function.
Space Maintainer
A space maintainer is a custom-made orthodontic device used to hold open a gap left by a prematurely lost baby tooth. It prevents surrounding teeth from shifting into the empty space, ensuring proper alignment for permanent teeth. Space maintainers can be fixed or removable and are commonly used in paediatric orthodontics. They help guide healthy tooth eruption and reduce the need for future orthodontic treatment.
Dental Arch Expansion
Dental arch expansion is a technique used to widen the upper or lower dental arch to create more space for crowded teeth. Expansion is commonly performed in children and teens using palatal expanders or removable appliances while their bones are still developing. In adults, expansion is more complex and may require surgical assistance. This treatment improves tooth alignment, bite function, and facial symmetry.
Orthognathic Surgery
Orthognathic surgery, or jaw surgery, is a corrective procedure for severe jaw misalignment, bite issues, or facial asymmetry. It is often combined with orthodontic treatment to achieve a fully functional and aesthetic result. Common conditions treated include underbites, overbites, crossbites, and open bites. The surgery enhances facial proportions, improves chewing, speech, and breathing, and is performed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon.